IGF-2 May Enhance Memory and Prevent The Loss of Long-term Memory

Posted by Nutronics Labs on June 22, 2020

"IGF-1 is currently a hot topic in terms of how it can promote neuroplasticity and slow cognitive decline..."

"The association discovered between memory loss, depression, and IGF-1 means that IGF-1 could be a very promising factor in protecting memory..."

“Depression, memory, and the IGF-1 receptor are all located in a brain region which regulates a lot of complicated cognitive ability. As circulating IGF-1 can pass through the blood-brain barrier, it may work to influence the brain in a protective way.”

- Feng (Vankee) Lin

Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine have identified a therapy that may enhance memory and prevent the loss of long-term memory. The research is published in the January 27, 2011 issue of Nature. Led by Cristina Alberini, PhD, Professor of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, the research team evaluated how a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), a gene expressed during brain development that declines with aging, impacts memory formation and retention.

IGF-2 is enriched in the adult brain in several areas, including the hippocampus and cortex, which are known to be important for memory formation. Researchers injected the hippocampus of animal test subjects with the protein and found that IGF-2 significantly improved long- term memory. The team also found that IGF-2 levels increased after learning, and that when that increase was blocked long-lasting memories could not form.

"The implications of these data are far-reaching and give us new clues about how to investigate memory loss and forgetfulness in people with cognitive impairment, like those with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, or dementia," said Dr. Alberini. Prior to this study, very little, if anything, was known about IGF-2 in adult brain functions. The researchers tested the impact of injecting IGF-2 into lab animals after "inhibitory avoidance learning," in which the test subjects learn to avoid an unpleasant experience. They found that compared to control groups, the lab animals injected with IGF-2 had a much stronger memory retention.

In addition, the test subjects maintained an elevated memory for several weeks, while the control group showed diminished memory over the same period of time. In collaboration with Robert Blitzer, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Psychiatry at Mount Sinai, the research team also evaluated the impact of IGF-2 at the cellular level. They found that IGF-2 had an impact on long- term potentiation (LTP). LTP is a type of synaptic plasticity, or the change in strength of the points of contact between nerve cells, that is believed to be critical for long-term memory formation. Dr. Blitzer and his team found that IGF-2 promoted stable LTP, strengthening signal transmission between nerve cells and maintaining it for a longer period of time.

"This study is the first step to understanding the benefits of IGF-2," said Dr. Alberini. "We have identified some of the mechanisms associated with this effect and look forward to further studying them and exploring the clinical relevance of IGF-2."

View the study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908455/